Autobiographical sources / R.W.B. Lewis -- The New England setting / Barbara A. White -- Imagery and symbolism reinforce the novel's meaning / Kenneth Bernard -- The narrator's sensitivity highlights the novel's themes / Joseph X. Brennan -- The theme of naturalism / Helge Normann Nilsen -- Symbols emphasize the theme of repression / R. Baird Shuman -- Shame's dominion over Ethan Frome / Lev Raphael -- The theme of illicit love / Alfred Kazin -- The male narrator's view controls the reader's perspective / Susan Goodman -- Ethan expresses Wharton's greatest themes / Blake Nevius -- Ethan and entrapment / Anja Salmi -- Zeena represents the nineteenth-century female role / G.S. Rahi -- "Neurosis conquers all": Zeena's triumph / Richard B. Hovey -- Mattie Silver as the female intruder / Carol Wershoven -- "A dead book": the novel's tragic story remains flawed / Lionel Trilling -- Ethan Frome: a truly tragic novel / Geoffrey Walton.
